Fig.5 (Intra-op PA with 4.5x17 mm tap at the depth of 14 mm): It is apparent that there is approximately 9.52 mm bone to support an implant, which is sufficient.  The larger arrowhead indicates the bottom of the distal socket, while smaller ones the branch of the inferior alveolar vessels.  Hemostasis of the latter is achieved by a gauze intraop and bone graft and collagen plug postop in the mesial socket.  In fact, the patient experiences pain when the tap is applied.  Block anesthesia is administered when the depth of the osteotomy is established.

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Xin Wei, DDS, PhD, MS 1st edition 06/15/2014, last revision 09/30/2014