Before implant placement, bone graft is placed in the apical defect defect area, while a drill (Fig.4 D) is inserted in the finished osteotomy (Fig.5 O).  In spite of seemingly large apical defect, the buccal crest bone exists (Fig.4 x).

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Xin Wei, DDS, PhD, MS 1st edition 05/07/2019, last revision 03/19/2020