#15 blade is used for incision and initial bone expansion and condensation, followed by bone scalpels, bone blades and round tapered osteotomes (RT) 2-4.  The sinus floor is barely penetrated by 4.5x11 mm Tatum tapered tap (Fig.1). 

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Xin Wei, DDS, PhD, MS 1st edition 06/21/2016, last revision 05/24/2019