Cantilever FPD and Distal Stopper

A 69-year-old woman requests conversion of the lower RPD to implant restoration.  Initially implants are going to be placed at #19, 28, 29, and 31 (Fig.1,2).  CT exam shows short bone at #31 (Fig.2).  Please try to place implants at #28-30 for a cantilever FPD (Fig.3) if reasonable.  When making guide(s), please use #18 residual roots as a distal stopper (Fig.1) if practical.

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Xin Wei, DDS, PhD, MS 1st edition 08/09/2021, last revision 08/10/2021