Fig.5 is an illustration, showing the socket after extraction (from Fig.1).  The red circle in Fig.5 represents the lingual artery, which is the 2nd branch from the external carotid artery.

When the lingual artery is severed by an overdrilling bur, it shrinks toward the external carotid artery.  Hemostasis is difficult to achieve without emergency surgery.  Failure to recognize the proximity of the lingual concavity may lead to perforation of the lingual plate while osteotomy is forming (Fig.6 red arrow) and potentially damage the lingual artery in the submandibular fossa. 

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Xin Wei, DDS, PhD, MS 1st edition 04/14/2013, last revision 04/14/2014