There is a fistula buccal to the apex of the tooth #23 preoperatively (Fig.1), which is related to loss of the buccal plate of the socket of #23.  Therefore an implant is placed mainly in the socket of #22 (Fig.3,4).

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Xin Wei, DDS, PhD, MS 1st edition 03/20/2018, last revision 12/02/2018