The pilot drill is easily penetrating the cancellous bone, suggesting low bone density.  The remaining osteotomy is finished by bone expanders (Fig.4: 4.3 mm) and taps until 6x14 mm at gingival level. The distal aspect of the apical end of the expander is penetrating the sinus floor (<).

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Xin Wei, DDS, PhD, MS 1st edition 03/17/2013, last revision 12/16/2018